Wednesday, September 9, 2015

Laboratory Cultures from 4 different perspectives

“A sociology of science is crippled from the start if it believes in the results of one science, namely sociology, to explain the others. But it is still possible to follow how sciences are used to transform society and redefine what it is made of and what are its aims” (Latour, 1983: 144).


In Anthropology of Microbes, Benezra et al. provides a compelling argument about the interdisciplinary need to join the work of human microbial ecologist to that of the anthropologist. The article also presented readers with very helpful definitions in core topics to anthropology and their relation to biomedicine, science and health (See Fig 1 on page 2). The article provides reasoning as to why various schools of thought in anthropology and subfields are applicable to microbial investigations. Additionally, the authors presented various concepts & method that have the potential to join microbial ecology and anthropology in order to create a more collaborative study for microbes over time as population rises.  I also appreciate this definition of the function of anthropology that the authors provide: “Anthropology attempts to make up a holistic science of humanity by studying the material history of humans and our biological diversity, combined with analyses of the variability of cultures and cultural practices” (1).

Karin Knoor Cetina’s chapter in Epistemic Cultures explains what a laboratory is and three realties that can link laboratories as relational units.  Her idea of “reconfigurations in laboratories” suggests that scientist and readers have to recognize and expect the need for different types of laboratory processes.  Laboratory reconfigurations are salient to the kind of work done in each laboratory and respond to natural & social orders and are not just sites that “house” research. Knorr-Centina describes that scientist should conduct lab experiences through “technologies of correspondence”, “technologies of treatment and intervention” and technologies of representation”.  Her article was most relevant to my work when she shaped the medical history of doctor patient interactions and the historical changes of this dynamic. This portion of the reading has directed me to look into the creation of “medical collectives” and the pros and cons in the development from the bedside physician to the clinical physician (note Foucault in this process).

I found Bruno Latour’s publication, Give Me A Laboratory and I Will Raise the World, uniquely parodical yet scholarly. Latour is arguing against the sociology of science that originally suggested that the inside of laboratories were irrelevant and not worth scientific inquiry. He argues instead that the construction of the lab and “societal milieu” are worthy of research. He writes, “It is time for sociology of science show sociologists and social historians how societies are displaced and reformed with and through the very contents of science”(161). Laboratories and the scientist that work in them are actually quite “ordinary” and that network building both inside and outside (but not limited to) of the laboratory will truly teach us more about the significance of laboratories.  Duana Fullwiley also takes this introspective look at laboratories a step further in her article, The Molecularization of Race: Institutionalizing Human Difference in Pharmacogenetics Practice. Although we’ve come to understand race as a social construction biological anthropology still uses race quite to create categories for people and analyze various differences and health issues. Fullwiley acknowledges that categories of race differ inside and outside of the laboratory.  The complexity of using racial categories really forces the anthropology of science and STS studies to evaluate the nature vs. culture model for race when used in laboratory studies. What I believe is missing from the literature is how scientist and anthropologist should grapple with this issue. 

-Chelsey Carter





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